Revision/Preparation guidance

4. Musculoskeletal

Joints of the Human body ( approx 12 mins)

This video explains some important  joints types found in the human body. Watch it and pay particular attention to information pertaining to 'synovial joints'. The anatomical term for a joint is an 'articulation', which is formed where two bones move relative to each other. 

Muscles of the human body

Muscles attach at either end to bones. They attach via tendons at specific lumps, bumps and crevices on the bones surface. The anatomical term for these lumps and bumps are  tubercules, tuberosities and fossa's. 

Muscles attach to both the bones articulating at a joint, so that when the muscle shortens (contracts) it moves one bones relative to the other. 

For the muscles/muscle groups listed below, use these two UTube channels  (and any other sources you have to hand) to identify:

  • Which bones it attaches to,
  • Where specifically on the bone it attaches
  • What movement (s) it produces ( this is sometimes referred to as the muscle's function, or 'what it does') at which joints.

Upper limb and trunk:

  1. Trapezius
  2. Levator scapulae
  3. Rhomboids
  4. Sternocleidomastoid
  5. Scalene
  6. Pectorialis Major
  7. Supraspinatus
  8. Infraspinatus
  9. Subscapularis
  10. Teres major and minor
  11. Latissimus Dorsi
  12. Deltoid
  13. Biceps 
  14. Brachialis 
  15. Brachioradialis 
  16. Triceps 
  17. Pronator Teres
  18. Erector Spinae

Lower limb:

  1. Quadriceps
  2. Iliopsoas
  3. Hamstrings
  4. Gluteals: maximus, medius and minimus
  5. Adductors: longus, magnus and brevis
  6. Tibialis anterior 
  7. Peroneus longus, brevis and tertius.